Chú thích Độ phát xạ

  1. ↑ The Stefan-Boltzmann law is that the rate of emission of thermal radiation is σT4, where σ=5.67×10−8 W/m2/K4, and the temperature T is in Kelvins. See Trefil, James S. (2003). The Nature of Science: An A-Z Guide to the Laws and Principles Governing Our Universe. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. tr. 377. ISBN 9780618319381.  Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |url-access= (trợ giúp)
  2. ↑ “The Low-E Window R&D Success Story” (PDF). Windows and Building Envelope Research and Development: Roadmap for Emerging Technologies. U.S. Department of Energy. Tháng 2 năm 2014. tr. 5. 
  3. ↑ Fricke, Jochen; Borst, Walter L. (2013). Essentials of Energy Technology. Wiley-VCH. tr. 37. ISBN 978-3527334162. 
  4. ↑ Fricke, Jochen; Borst, Walter L. (2013). “9. Solar Space and Hot Water Heating”. Essentials of Energy Technology. Wiley-VCH. tr. 249. ISBN 978-3527334162. 
  5. ↑ Shao, Gaofeng và đồng nghiệp (2019). “Improved oxidation resistance of high emissivity coatings on fibrous ceramic for reusable space systems”. Corrosion Science 146: 233–246. arXiv:1902.03943. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2018.11.006. 
  6. ↑ “Climate Sensitivity”. American Chemical Society. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 7 năm 2014. 
  7. 1 2 3 Siegel, Robert (2001). Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, Fourth Edition. CRC Press. tr. 41. ISBN 9781560328391. 
  8. 1 2 3 4 “Thermal insulation — Heat transfer by radiation — Physical quantities and definitions”. ISO 9288:1989. ISO catalogue. 1989. Truy cập ngày 15 tháng 3 năm 2015. 
  9. ↑ For a truly black object, the spectrum of its thermal radiation peaks at the wavelength given by Wien's Law: λmax=b/T, where the temperature T is in kelvins and the constant b ≈ 2.90×10−3 metre-kelvins. Room temperature is about 293 kelvins. Sunlight itself is thermal radiation originating from the hot surface of the sun. The sun's surface temperature of about 5800 kelvins corresponds well to the peak wavelength of sunlight, which is at the green wavelength of about 0.5×10−6 metres. See Saha, Kshudiram (2008). The Earth's Atmosphere: Its Physics and Dynamics. Springer Science & Business Media. tr. 84. ISBN 9783540784272. 
  10. ↑ Brewster, M. Quinn (1992). Thermal Radiative Transfer and Properties. John Wiley & Sons. tr. 56. ISBN 9780471539827. 
  11. ↑ 2009 ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals - IP Edition. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. 2009. ISBN 978-1-933742-56-4.  "IP" refers to inch and pound units; a version of the handbook with metric units is also available. Emissivity is a simple number, and doesn't depend on the system of units.
  12. ↑ The visible color of an anodized aluminum surface does not strongly affect its emissivity. See “Emissivity of Materials”. Electro Optical Industries, Inc. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 19 tháng 9 năm 2012. 
  13. ↑ “Table of Total Emissivity” (PDF). Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 11 tháng 7 năm 2009.  Table of emissivities provided by a company; no source for these data is provided.
  14. ↑ “Influencing factors”. evitherm Society - Virtual Institute for Thermal Metrology. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 12 tháng 1 năm 2014. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 7 năm 2014. 

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